WebApr 15, 2024 · Citrinin is a natural fungal toxin. It can be found in many products such as beans, fruits, olives, herbs and spices. Red yeast rice may also contain citrinin. Citrinin can be formed during the fermentation process, which can be harmful to the liver and kidneys. This has led to warnings about citrinin in dietary supplements. WebMar 23, 2012 · Citrinin is nephrotoxic and a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 20 µg/kg body weight (b.w.) per day was identified from a 90-day study in rats. Due to the limitations and uncertainties in the database, the derivation of a health-based guidance value was not considered appropriate but a level of no concern for nephrotoxicity of 0.2 ...
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WebMar 28, 2024 · (3S,4S)-sclerotinin A (50) and citrinin H2 (51) were isolated from the deep sea-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum NLG-S01-P1. Compounds 50 and 51 displayed relatively stronger activities against V. vulnificus and V. campbellii , with MIC values ranging from 15 to 17 μg/mL, respectively [ 40 ]. WebDec 14, 2024 · Citrinin H1, a highly toxic compound formed from citrinin degradation, was found after heating at 140 °C with the presence of water or at 100 °C for 30 min (Trivedi et al. 1993a, b). Shu and Lin ( 2002 ) found that citrinin concentration in angkak was dramatically decreased after boiling in water, while Hirota et al. ( 2002 ) stated that ... homes for sale in friendship
Bioactive Penicipyrrodiether A, an Adduct of GKK1032 Analogue …
WebSep 27, 2024 · The citrinin concentration increased until day 14 and then decreased (Figure 2b). This is most likely due to degradation of citrinin. It has already been demonstrated that citrinin is degraded to citrinin H2 … WebApr 8, 2024 · Citrinin can be transformed into more complex compounds during food processing, such as citrinin H1 and citrinin H2. Two citrinin molecules combine to form citrinin H1, which is more toxic than citrinin (Koppen et al. 2010). So far, no specific regulations exist for this mycotoxin, but it is fixed to 2000 μg/kg for fermented rice foods. WebJan 10, 2024 · 1- epi -citrinin H1 ( 2) was obtained as a red amorphous solid. Its molecular formula was elucidated as C 24 H 26 O 7 by HR-ESI-MS ( m / z 449.1576 [M + Na] +; … homes for sale in frierson louisiana